Visa is committed to operating as a responsible, ethical, inclusive and sustainable company. As a global leader in digital payments, Visa strives to join with clients, partners and other stakeholders to empower people, businesses and communities to thrive. Visa believes in the importance of strong layers of governance to ensure proper guidance and oversight is provided across our approach to ESG. We manage ESG activities at a functional level across our strategic and operational areas, with executive and Board oversight. Visa’s Chief Sustainability Officer is responsible for leading the coordination of oversight and development of our global ESG efforts. At the management level, a cross-functional group of more than a dozen senior leaders contributes to coordinating our ESG strategy and reporting efforts. At the Board level, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has formal responsibility to oversee and review our management of ESG matters, overall ESG strategy, stakeholder engagement, formal reporting, and policies and programs in specific areas, including environmental sustainability, climate change, human rights, political activities and expenditures, social impact and philanthropy. In 2022, the Board, in full and in individual committees, discussed a range of ESG topics, including, but not limited to, human capital management, inclusion and diversity, climate change, political engagement and contributions, technology, cybersecurity and data privacy. To inform our ESG strategy, we conduct a biennial materiality assessment in accordance with best practice ESG reporting guidelines. Our latest assessment, completed in 2021, incorporates and reflects recent business developments, ESG trends, global regulatory changes and internal and external stakeholder expectations that have emerged since the previous formal assessment in 2019. Our process includes benchmarking, identification, prioritization and validation of ESG topics. We review direct feedback from shareholders, employee surveys and customer and client information requests on ESG topics. Through regular engagement with our stakeholders, we can improve our understanding of their views and concerns and evolve our ESG strategic priorities across our business. We regularly engage our stakeholders in a variety of ways: • Employees: employee surveys, all-staff meetings, manager/employee dialogue, employee resource groups (ERGs), messaging from senior leadership, digital platforms and social media channels. • Clients: client councils, payment forums, client surveys, direct engagement.