5 major drivers of biodiversity loss. Land use change refers to the transformation of natural ecosystems by agriculture, deforestation, and urbanization. It is important to acknowledge that 40% of the country’s surface has undergone a severe transformation. Direct overexploitation of species: it is the depletion of wild fauna and flora that is used as a natural resource, in fisheries, forest use, and collection of wild products. Biological invasions: are produced by the introduction of wild or domesticated species in spaces outside their original distribution. They produce devastating effects on islands, and fragile ecosystems, and threaten to homogenize the flora and fauna around the world. Water and soil pollution: occurs through the dumping of polluting substances or those that alter the natural conditions of ecosystems; they can generate local and regional impacts on biodiversity that would contribute to the global collapse of populations and species. Climate change: Climate stresses on ecological systems are already observed, with regards to changes in the distribution or integrity of populations of fauna and flora. If it continues, climate change could become the main driver of biodiversity loss, as it triggers other direct drivers.