At Citadel, the principles of ESG investing have been an organic and evolving part of our investment management process for many years. In November 2021, professional services firm PwC released the PwC 2021 Global Investor ESG Survey, which highlighted the fact that ESG factors are increasingly driving investment strategies. This is also true of Citadel, where we continue to focus on finding worthy investments that match and fulfil investors’ ESG ambitions. A 2020 PwC report, Asset and Wealth Management Revolution: The Power to Shape the Future, also showed that funds which were aligned to ESG thinking outperformed traditional counterparts by 9% between 2010 and 2019, a trend that shows no signs of abating. As a homegrown South African company with deep vested interests in the success and sustainability of the country as a whole, Citadel understands the importance of remaining close to the political, social, environmental, economic and governance issues dominating South Africa. This came into sharp focus in 2020 when, faced with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both South Africa and the world, Citadel’s existing commitment to ESG investing and supporting impactful social change enabled us to support the broader Citadel community and South African society as a whole. As a wealth management company which invests across asset classes and over variable periods, our portfolios touch a range of money market instruments, government and corporate bonds, hedge funds, equities, real estate, currencies and commodities. Currently Citadel’s ESG approach is best identifiable within the realm of equity investing. In 2020 our in-house equity team fine-tuned and elaborated on a multi-faceted strategy to address and quantify ESG risks both locally and offshore. For Citadel, paying attention to ESG factors supports sound asset allocation and investment decision making, which ultimately works to the advantage of our clients. This also has a clear and distinct ripple effect across society. While it is our stated intention to help our clients effectively manage their wealth, it is also our goal to work closely with select South African partners and socio-economic development agencies to help each and every South African reach their own remarkable. As such, our ESG approach is holistically supported by our sustainable approach to investing, which is best illustrated by highlighting the four pillars which support our investment philosophy.